Solution for lower respiratory airways diseases

Indicated for COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary diseases) and EIPH (Exercise Induced Pulmonary Hemorrhage), and Exercise Induced Bronchospasm Prevention.

Description

The solution of Salbutamol and propellants inside the container of the Laryngeal Spray Salbutamol, together with the nasopharyngeal cannula, originated this brand new therapeutic product that permits a direct application with exact dosage capabilities on target organs in lower respiratory airways in sports equines.

It's a powerful bronchodilatador. Salbutamol (also known as Albuterol) relaxes the smooth muscles of all airways, from the trachea to the terminal bronchioles.

Especially indicated for treatment of acute episodes of bronchospasm or prevention of bronchoconstriction induced by the exercise.

It's perfect for equines that present COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary diseases) or EIPH (Exercise Induced Pulmonary Hemorrhage). The usual dosage for adult equines is 2 puffs, so as to deliver 400 mcg (200 mcg/puff) of Salbutamol through the valve.

Exercise Induced Bronchospasm Prevention: The usual dosage is 2 inhalations, 30 minutes before exercise. The effects last for 4 to 6 hrs.

Frequently asked questions

What is the object of the study?

The object is to evaluate the effect of SALBUTAMOL on the AEROBIC CAPACITY of clinically healthy horses, during exercise.

Where did this study take place?

This study was performed at the Physiology and Physiopathology Laboratory of Sport Horses of the Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, National University of La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

What is SALBUTAMOL?

SALBUTAMOL is a drug for local use which has no side effects. This product acts on the lungs relaxing the bronchial muscles (bronchodilation). In addition it inhibits the liberation of the spasmogenic and inflammatory mediators of the mast cells, such as histamine, leukotrienes and prostaglandins.

What is the effect of SALBUTAMOL on clinically healthy sport horses?

According to this study, there is an increase of the AEROBIC CAPACITY of sport horses, when SALBUTAMOL is administered by inhalation (using a nasopharyngeal cannula) 40 minutes before exercise. This increase produces greater sport performance, improvement of the post activity recovery cycle and, at the same time, a lessening of physical effort and fatigue.

What were the characteristics and management of the horses used in the study?

Four clinically healthy horses were used. Two were female and two were males, all between 2 and 7 years of age. One of them was an Arab, one a thoroughbred racehorse and two were Angloarabs. All the animals had the same training programme. They were stabled and received a daily diet of concentrated feed (3.5 kg) and Lucerne hay (4 kg).

Was SALBUTAMOL tested on all the horses of the study?

Yes. The study was performed in the following way. The horses were divided in two groups of which the control group was tested without medication. The other group received SALBUTAMOL by inhalation 40 minutes before the test. Seven days later the test was repeated reversing the groups.

What tests were performed to evaluate the effect of SALBUTAMOL on the sport horses?

Two kinds of exercise tests were performed:

• LACTATE THRESHOLD TEST
• MAXIMUM EFFORT TEST

What does the LACTATE THRESHOLD TEST specifically measure?

The Lactate Threshold test measures the anaerobic threshold, which is the point where the exercise changes from being aerobic to becoming anaerobic. In equine sport medicine the anaerobic threshold has been taken as V4 (exercise speed which produces a lactate concentration in plasma of 4 mmol/L). Nowadays, V4 is used as a measuring unit to evaluate athletic performance and to monitor exercise during training.

What was the object of both tests?

The tests were performed to evaluate the AEROBIC CAPACITY of the animals in the study, both those treated with SALBUTAMOL, as those without medication, in order to demonstrate whether there is an improvement in the animals treated with the drug.

Why is measuring the V4 of sport horses considered useful?

At present, V4 is used as a measuring unit to evaluate athletic performance and to monitor exercise during training. It is an indicator of the AEROBIC CAPACITY of the equine. If the V4 is high, the animal will present a greater aerobic capacity, a decrease in its anaerobic metabolism and therefore a lessening of the accumulation of lactic acid, which results in a greater SPORT PERFORMANCE.

According to this study, what effect does SALBUTAMOL have on the V4 of sport horses?

The V4 of all the horses when treated with SALBUTAMOL, increased by 0.1 m/s. This increase indicates that there is an improvement of the AEROBIC CAPACITY, producing a better sport performance, in comparison to the horses that did not receive the medication.

In what way did the increase of 0.1 m/s in the V4 of the horses medicated with SALBUTAMOL affect their sport performance?

Let us consider the example of a horse whose V4 was 6 m/s with medication and 5.9 m/s without, and therefore presented a threshold speed of 21.6 and 21.2 km/h respectively. These differences in speed at a threshold point, in an endurance race of 120 km, would represent 6´40” (2400 m) between one and the other. If we use a racehorse as an example, the difference in speed would be that of 1 second every 1000 meters of the race, or 7 lengths between a medicated horse and the control. According to these examples, there is a significant increase in the sports performance of the horses medicated with SALBUTAMOL.

How was the LACTATE THRESHOLD TEST performed?

A Kangra treadmill (Mustang 2200 model) was used. This test consisted in successive stages of 5 minutes each with an inclination of 6 %. The first was at 4 m/s and the speed was increased by 0.5 m/s in each of the following stages. Between stages the animal was made to walk during one minute. At this moment the blood sample was taken for the measurement of the lactate. This was performed with a portable Accusport ® analyzer. The test was considered completed when the concentration was equal to, or above, 4 mmol/L of lactate. The V4 was then calculated with a straight line equation.

What does the MAXIMUM EFFORT TEST specifically measure?

It measures the OXYGEN CONSUMPTION (V02) at different levels of exercise until the point of fatigue (or maximum effort) and during the post exercise recovery. The AEROBIC CAPACITY of the sport horse is the other important index.

What results were obtained in the MAXIMUM EFFORT TEST of the animals treated with SALBUTAMOL in relation to the controls?

An improvement of the AEROBIC CAPACITY was observed in the horses treated with SALBUTAMOL during the MAXIMUM EFFORT TEST, as the MAXIMUM CONSUMPTION OF OXYGEN of these animals was greater than that of the non-medicated horses.

In what way did the RECOVERY CYCLE of the horses treated with SALBUTAMOL differ from the control animals?

A better POST EFFORT RECOVERY was observed in the horses which had been treated with SALBUTAMOL in comparison to the control animals, as their OXYGEN CONSUMPTION (V02) and their heart rate were lower. These results indicate that the medicated horses presented an improvement of their AEROBIC CAPACITY, shown by a lower OXYGEN DEFICIT during RECOVERY, which means to say there was less need of an anaerobic metabolism involvement.

How was the MAXIMUM EFFORT TEST performed?

A Kangra treadmill (Mustang 2200 model) was used for the MAXIMUM EFFORT TEST. The OXYGEN CONSUMPTION (V02) was measured with a Meta Vet 1.0 ergospirometer (Cortex Biophysik). The test started with a warm up of 1 min at 1 m/s and 4 min at 4 m/s and continued with 1 min stages each one with an increase of 1 m/s until the point of fatigue. An inclination of 6 % was used throughout. The post exercise recovery period followed the same stages as the warm up, but inversely, that is, 4 min at 4 m/s and 1 min at 1.7 m/s but with 0% inclination.

How was SALBUTAMOL administered to the horses taking part in the study?

SALBUTAMOL was administered 40 minutes before exercise by inhalation using Salbutamol Laryngeal Spray. This spray presents a nasopharyngeal cannula which allows the drug to reach the pulmonary tissue rapidly, directly and at the correct dose. The cannula enters the pharyngeal cavity which acts as an expansion chamber where the larger drops are deposited. Thus, drops smaller than 3 microns (which are in suspension) will be taken by the inspiratory flow to the lungs, where bronchodilation occurs.

May Salbutamol Laryngeal Spray be administered to horses before a competition?

The administration of Salbutamol should be interrupted 24 hours before the competition if the Antidoping Control performs the “Elisa Test”. Otherwise it can be administered on the day of the competition.

What conclusions can be obtained from the administration of SALBUTAMOL in sport horses?

According to the study performed, the administration of SALBUTAMOL in clinically healthy horses improved the AEROBIC CAPACITY during exercise. The increase of the AEROBIC CAPACITY allowed the animal to increase its SPORT PERFORMANCE, lower PHYSICAL EFFORT and FATIGUE and improve its POST EXERCISE RECOVERY. According to the above it may be concluded that Salbutamol Laryngeal Spray is an excellent complement to be used in sport horses, both during training and in competitions.

Indications

Especially indicated for equines presenting acute bronchial obstruction: SAID, RAD, COPD (Chronic obstructive Pulmonary disease) EIPH (Exercise Induced Pulmonary Hemorrhage), pulmonary emphysema, bronchoconstriction induced by exercise, acute and chronic bronchitis and in cases of bronchial hyper-reactivity in equines that are hypersensitized to dose allergens triggering acute bronchial obstruction.

Dosage & administration

1. Extend the equine's head as far as possible, and with the use a twitch, introduce the cannula trough the ventral meatus of the nasal cavity to the pharynx.
2. Shake the canister energetically before use and attach the cannula.
3. Hold the canister upside down with the arrow (label) pointing upwards.
4. Cover the nostrils of the horse to make it hold its breath for about 15 seconds.
5. Release the nostrils and when the inspiration starts, press the valve twice (2 puffs) thus delivering 400 micrograms.
6. Shake again and repeat the operation with the next inspiration, performing 1 or 2 more puffs so as to complete the dose prescribed by the Veterinarian (600 or 800 micrograms). This way, the pharynx and the trachea are used as an expansion chamber and deposit the bigger particles, thus leaving those particles smaller than 3 microns in suspension, diminishing resistance from de upper respiratory airways, carrying the particles deep into the lower respiratory airways by the inspiratory flux. The treatment must be applied 30 minutes before exercise, and the effect last from 4 to 6 hours.
7. In the case of acute bronchial obstruction, apply immediately.

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